The church in Rome was likely planted by those “visitors” from Rome who were in Jerusalem on the day of Pentecost (Acts 2:10) and witnessed the outbreak of the Holy Spirit, Peter's sermon, the baptism of 3,000, and the church's beginning. Some assume Peter planted the church, but no evidence supports the claim.

Paul wrote Romans from Corinth, likely from the home of Gaius, his host (16:23) (1 Corinthians 1:14), and then sent the letter to Rome by the hands of Phoebe (16:1-2). He likely wrote it around 57 A.D. at the end of his third missionary tour, having completed the eastern part of his mission and now setting his sights on Jerusalem.

The Jews had been dispelled from Rome by Claudius in 49 A.D. (Acts 18:2). This included Christian Jews, so Rome became a church completely Gentile in makeup. When the Jews, like Priscilla and Aquila (Romans 15:3-5), migrated back to Rome, it created racial and cultural tensions. The church was seeking unity in Christian practice, opinion, and culture, so Paul wrote to appeal to the church to become one in Christ by being centered around the gospel.

Throughout the book of Romans, Paul will deal with the tensions between Jewish and Gentile relationships. The Gentiles, free of Jewish customs, were now being confronted with them again as the Jewish Christians re-entered the church to find it quite Gentile in nature. Paul does not drift into specific doctrines in the book of Romans as he had in other letters but keeps his focus on unity in the gospel and on the love the gospel creates within a church where all are united in Christ. 

Pauline Epistles

Romans

1 Corinthians

2 Corinthians

Galatians

1 Thessalonians

2 Thessalonians

Pauline Prison Epistles

Ephesians 

Philippians 

Colossians

Philemon

Pauline Pastoral Epistles

1 Timothy 

2 Timothy 

Titus 

The other six letters of the New Testament were written by four different authors.